CDP Framework: The Carbon Disclosure Project rates companies and local governments on their commitments to addressing: (1) climate change, (2) forrests, and (3) water security.
CDSB Framework: The Climate Disclosure Standards Board reporting framework integrates climate change-related disclosures into pre-existing financial reports (such as 10-K filings or other annual reports) relying on metrics developed by other organizations (such as the CDP or SASB). It is expected that these standards will eventually be incorporated into the ISSB reporting framework.
GHG Protocol: The GHG Protocol provides standardized frameworks to measure and manage GHG emissions from: (1) private and public sector operations, (2) value chains and (3) mitigation actions. Of the Fortune 500 companies who respond to the CDP, more than 90% have used the GHG Protocol (directly or indirectly) to do so.
GRI Framework: The Global Reporting Initiative Framework, among the most widely used reporting standards, concentrates on three sets of standards: (1) Universal Standards, which emphasize the requirements of the GRI and how to disclose general information about the organizatio; (2) Sector Standards, which seek to improve reporting by organizations in a specific sector such as oil, electronics, or agriculture and (3) Topic Standards, which dictate how to disclose on specific topics such as tax or waste.
<IR> Framework: The International Integrated Reporting Council (now part of the Value Reporting Foundation, which is being merged into the IFRS) developed the Integrated Reporting <IR> Framework, which takes a principles based approach to reporting on an Organizations: (1) Overview; (2) Governance; (3) Business model; (4) Risks and opportunities; (5) Strategy and resource allocation; (6) Performance; (7) Outlook; and (8) Basis of preparation and presentation.
ISSB Framework: International Sustainability Standards Board’s reporting framework is currently under development. It plans to build its new standards on existing frameworks and guidance – including: (1) the CDSB Framework (2) the former IIRC’s Integrated Reporting Framework, (3) the SASB Standards, (4) the TCFD Recommendations, and (5) the WEF Stakeholder Capitalism Metrics.
SASB Framework: Sustainability Accounting Standards Board standards (now part of the Value Reporting Foundation, which is being merged into the IFRS) identify the subset of ESG issues most relevant to 77 different industries. They focus on five broad areas of reporting: (1) the environment, (2) social capital, (3) human capital, (4) business model and innovation, and (5) leadership and governance. It is expected that these standards will eventually be incorporated into the ISSB reporting framework.
SBTi Framework: The Science Based Targets Initiative Corporate Net-Zero Standard focuses on sending net-zero targets in line with climate science and the goal to limit global temperature rise to1.5°C. SBTi’s Corporate Net-Zero Standard includes four key elements: (1) a near-term science-based target; (2) a long-term science-based target; (3) mitigation beyond the value chain; and (4) neutralization of any residual emissions.
TCFD Framework: The Task Force on Climate Related Financial Disclosures are structured around four themes: (1) governance, (2) strategy, (3) risk management, and (4) metrics and targets. These themes are supported by 11 specific recommend disclosures, which build out the framework. It is expected that these standards will eventually be incorporated into the ISSB reporting framework.
WEF Stakeholder Capitalism Metrics: The WEF Stakeholder Capitalism metrics (based on such existing standards as GRI and SASB), allow companies to consistently align their reporting on: (1) people, (2) planet, (3) prosperity, and (4) governance. It is expected that these standards will eventually be incorporated into the ISSB reporting framework.